Formulation of High Reflection Engobe and Their Industrial Uses for Earthenware Wall Tile
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to reveal the correlations between the white/high reflection engobe (WRE) composition and their properties for earthenware wall tile industry. The engobes were formulated using (wt%) porcelain clay (PC) 72-80, recycled cullet (RC) 9-10, borax 9-10 and TiO2 0-9. The mixtures were wet ground for 30 min in a pot mill and their specific gravity was controlled at 1.6 g/cm3. The engobe slips were spray coated on earthenware wall tiles different thicknesses at 160-250 m. The engobed tiles were single-fired at 950-1100oC in a gas furnace for 15 min. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was determined by dilatometer. The adhesion ability was investigated by tape-peel method. The whiteness and reflection values were determined by colorimeter and spectrophotometer, respectively. The phase composition and microstructure were evaluated by x-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed the WRE composing microline, anatase, albite, anorthite, quartz and corundum had the CTE values nearby the wall tile. The whiteness and reflectance reached to the highest values at 4.76 wt%TiO2 and layer thickness at 250
m. At high temperatures, the whiteness and reflection slightly decreased due to the formations of mullite and rutile. The optimization of WRE composed (in wt%) of PC 76.19, RC 9.52, borax 9.52 and TiO2 4.76% representing whiteness 95.51%, reflectance up to 85% by controlling the thickness at 250 μm and temperature at 1000oC.
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