PSRU Journal of Science and Technology

บทบรรณาธิการ

2024-12-11

บทบรรณาธิการ

สารบัญ

2024-12-11

สารบัญ

DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGEL EYE PATCHES CONTAINING YA-HA-RAK REMEDY EXTRACT

Worawut Somphuch — 2024-12-11

Ya-Ha-Rak is a traditional remedy in the national list of herbal medicinal products of Thailand, which has properties to cure fever. Ya-Ha-Rak extract contains various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, it is possible to use it as an important substance in the topical hydrogel patches to relieve eye strain. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physical stability of Ya-Ha-Rak water extract and to develop the topical hydrogel patch formulations containing Ya-Ha-Rak remedy extract. The result of the stability study under accelerated conditions at 4°C, alternating with 45°C, for 6 Cycles. It was found that these extracts did not affect the physical appearance after the test was completed. The development of 15 formulations of hydrogel patches from Ya-Ha-Rak remedy extract revealed that the best formulation contained Ya-Ha-Rak extract 69% w/w, glycerine 20% w/w, gelatin 8% w/w, carboxymethyl cellulose 1% w/w, polyvinyl alcohol 0.60% w/w, polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.40% w/w and photostat 1% w/w respectively. Then, the hydrogel patches from Ya-Ha-Rak remedy extract can be further developed to conduct clinical trials on their effectiveness for relieving eye strain.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF KEFIR FERMENTED WITH KEFIR GRAIN ENHANCED PROBIOTIC

Phirawat Sonthung — 2024-12-11

The objective of this research is to study the effect of lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 on enhanced the antibacterial activity of kefir. The experiment was performed by comparing the antibacterial activity of kefir samples, kefir added with lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 and kefir without lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 to inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity was investigated using Agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the tested samples, kefir without lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27, milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 (6x10⁸ CFU/ml) and kefir added with lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 (3x10⁸ CFU/ml and 6x10⁸ CFU/ml) inhibited all four types of bacteria. Kefir added with lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 at a concentration of 6x10⁸CFU/ml against the tested bacteria was no significant difference (P<0.05) when compared to kefir without lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27. Therefore, the lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 did not enhance the inhibition of bacteria at the tested concentration of 6x10⁸ CFU/ml. However, lactic acid bacteria isolate NR27 at concentration of 6x10⁸ CFU/ml is recommended to remain in the product. Because, it has antibacterial activity and probiotic properties that promote health benefits.

PLANT COMMUNITY IN BAN TALA WAI FOREST COMMUNITY, KHOA SAMING DISTRICT, TRAT PROVINCE

Benchawon Chiwapreecha — 2024-12-11

Community forest is importance to human health and well-being. So, making the need to understand these ecosystems is necessary. This study aims to conduct the forest structure and plant diversity in Ban Talawai community forest, Khao Saming district,Trat province during October 2022 to December 2023. Permanent 3 plots, 20x50 m with sub-plot into 10 x 10 m (30 sub-plots) were set up. All trees with diameter of at least 14 cm were tagged, measured and identified. The result at Ban Talawai community forest found 31 families 48 genera 51 species and 8 unidentified species. The recognized as rare species were Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe and Garcinia hanburyi Hook. f. while the tree density was 158 individual per Rai. The most value diversity index at middle altitude was 2.905. Plant community varied according to landscape altitude that dominant species were Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz., Artocarpus nitidus Trecul var. lingnanensis Jarrett and Crypteronia paniculata Blume respectively. Therefore, the results could be used to select dominant tree species in order to restore degraded forests or induce high establishment of evergreen species into community forest.

INVESTIGATION OF PROTEIN IN HUMAN BLOODSTAIN SAMPLE ON VARIOUS SURFACE TYPES USING FTIR TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS THE POST-INCIDENT TIME

Palita Mingkaew — 2024-12-11

Estimation of the time after an incident in forensic science can be done by analysis of biological evidence at the crime scene that change over time. Biological evidence can be found in the crime scene. This research aims to study the age of blood stains from changes of protein within the blood using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in human bloodstains on various types of surfaces. The experimental research was carried out by using blood samples from volunteers without anticoagulants. The blood was dropped on different surfaces, cotton, plywood, and black plastic bags. Protein changes were then monitored directly from the sample surface at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after blood dropping down. It was found that the amide peaks represented as observed protein in bloodstain were detected. The amount of protein showed a significant downward trend over times. Consistent trends of protein decrease were observed among tested surfaces, except on the cotton. This is because the porosity of the fabric affects the protein content density per surface area. The linear relationship between protein versus times was found to be inverse variation during 0-2 hours. This is due to changes in the secondary structure of the protein. After 9 hours, the protein changes were found to be stabilized in all tested surfaces. Hence, the measured protein from real bloodstain under the observed time frame can be used to estimate the age of bloodstain at the crime scene. Advantages of this technique include direct measurement from the surface and non-destructive method.

EFFECT OF WATER MEAL AND TARO RATIO ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRACKERS

Nattakan Matupoj — 2024-12-11

The objective of this study was to study the mixing ratio of water meal and taro powders on the characteristics of crackers. A mixture design was used for varying the amount of cassava flour, water meal powder, and taro powder for six cracker formulas. The physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of crackers from water meal and taro were examined, while chemical compositions were analyzed for the appropriate formula. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the six formulas of crackers from water meal and taro were significantly different (P≤0.05). The crackers containing a low amount of water meal (2%) had higher lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values than the formulas containing a high amount of water meal (7 and 12 %). All six cracker formulas had water activity values (a_w) in the range of 0.279-0.305 and moisture contents in the range of 2.35-3.29 %. The swelling rate of the crackers depended on the amount of water meal powder used in the ingredients. The formula with a high content of water meal powder resulted in a low swelling rate of crackers. For the sensory quality, the cracker formula containing 71% cassava flour, 2% water meal powder, and 27% taro powder received the highest scores from the panelists in terms of appearance, color, smell, taste, texture (crispness), and overall liking (P≤0.05). This cracker product from water meal and taro (100 grams) contains the contents of moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, and carbohydrate for 3.78, 2.49,7.71, 3.18, 3.05, and 79.79%, respectively. The results of this study are intended to develop healthy snack foods and promote the use of more local ingredients.

THE STUDY OF THE APPROPRIATE RATIO AND PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC NURSERY POTS FROM WATER HYACINTH AND RICE HUSKS

Weeraya Singcanipa — 2024-12-11

This research aimed to study the appropriate ratio for forming organic nursery pots from water hyacinth and raw rice husks, the macronutrients in raw materials, and the macronutrient content in organic nursery pots. The strength and water-holding capacity of the obtained organic nursery pots were investigated. Subsequently, these were used to grow the tomatoes. The results indicate the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the range of 3.425-5.013%, 0.015-0.028% and 0.808-2.213%, respectively. The strength and water absorption tests are varied from 15.467x10³-49.467x10³ N/m², and from 25.496-43.531%, respectively. However, the tomato growing in the organic nursery pots with the third formula i.e., the ratio of water hyacinth to raw rice husk to paste glue is 80 : 20 : 300, exhibits the highest average number of leaves and height. Therefore, in this research, an alternative is to use materials that are environmental problems and agricultural by-products to make organic nursery pots. In addition, the organic nursery pots developed are pots that increase the amount of nutrients for the seedlings, providing an environmentally friendly solution.

UTILIZING NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS TO MODIFY ZnO FOR ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY IN COMMERCIAL INSECTICIDE DEGRADATION

Chainarong Raktham — 2024-12-11

This study investigates the synthesis and application of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of ZnO in the degradation of insecticide in water. N-GQDs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using varying nitrogen percentages in citric acid (ranging from 0% to 0.75%), reveal consistent excitation and emission peaks at 350 nm and 440 nm, respectively. Fluorescence characterization indicates that higher nitrogen doping percentages enhance the fluorescence intensity of N-GQDs, suggesting increased photo-generated electron production. FT-IR spectra confirm successful nitrogen doping, with characteristic peaks at 1345 cm⁻¹ attributed to C-N stretching vibrations. Furthermore, UV-V is spectroscopy was employed to analyze the absorbance spectra of
a commercial insecticide (beta-cyfluthrin) in water (concentrations: 100-500 ppm), demonstrating a linear increase in integrated absorbance value with concentration. This underscores the potential of UV-Vis spectroscopy for precise insecticide quantification. Photocatalytic degradation experiments using N-GQD-modified ZnO catalysts showed reduced residual insecticide integrated absorbance value compared to pristine ZnO and GQD-modified ZnO, highlighting enhanced photocatalytic activity of N-GQDs. Photocatalytic degradation experiments indicated that ZnO modified with N-GQDs was more effective than ZnO and ZnO modified with GQDs, with the optimal nitrogen doping level found to be 0.65%. This result demonstrates the potential of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications.

IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PHILODENDRON ERUBESCENS 'WHITE PRINCESS’ AND PHILODENDRON VERRUCOSUM L. MATHIEU EX SCHOTT BY TEMPORARY IMMERSION BIOREACTOR SYSTEM (TIBS)

Supavee Sangchanjiradet — 2024-12-11

This study aims to propagate Philodendron erubescens 'White Princess’ and P. verrucosum using a Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System; TIBs. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design; CRD, and sterile young shoot explants of both cultivars were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 0, 1, and 2 mg/l
6-Benzyladenine (BA) was investigated. Feeding was conducted every 6 hours for 5 minutes, compared to a control group cultured in semi-solid MS medium without plant growth regulators over 8 weeks. It was found that a higher percentage of survival and shoot formation of P. erubescens 'White Princess’ cultured in the TIBs system was observed in all liquid media formulations than the control. The highest average number of shoots (3.10 per explant), and shoot height (5.50 mm) was found in the liquid MS medium without growth regulators in the TIBs. Furthermore, the highest average number of leaves (4.20 leaves) and roots (1.60 roots) could be obtained when young shoots of P. verrucosum were cultured in the TIB system with liquid media supplemented with 1 mg/l BA whereas the longest shoot length (16.20 mm) was received on the medium added with 2 mg/l BA. Plantlets of both species were transplanted into externally acclimatized in the greenhouse using three different planting materials: peat moss, a peat moss-perlite mix (4 : 1), and a peat moss-vermiculite mix (4 : 1) for 4 weeks. The results indicated that Both plantlet species exhibited a 100% of survival rate. However, the highest average plant height of both species was found when a mixture of peat moss-perlite (4 : 1) was used as planting material. The results of this study can be applied to the propagation of other species in the Philodendron genus to produce large quantities in a short period, providing commercial benefits.