Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI <p>Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology (JASET) is an academic journal published biannually by the Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. The JASET publishes papers in four types: (1) research articles in Thai or English, (2) academic articles in Thai or English, (3) review articles in Thai or English, and (4) editorial corner/invitation articles in English, encompassing all areas of applied science and technology. However, in the case of (4) editorial corner/invitation articles will be reviewed and approved by editors of the JASET. The journal will not accept articles, which have been published or are being considered for publication by another journal, nor should papers published here be submitted to other journals. </p> <div class="content3-container line-box"> <div class="content3-container-1col"> <div class="content-txtbox-noshade"> <p><strong>"Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology does not have the policy to collect publication fee"</strong></p> <p><strong>"Each article must be evaluated by three peers (double-blinded) before accepted for publication"</strong></p> <p><strong>"Article must be revised and sent back to the journal within 4 weeks after the return for revision unless the article will be rejected"</strong></p> <p><strong>"Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology published both as hard -copies [ISSN 2822-1451 (Print)] and electronic journal [ISSN 2822-1508 (Online)] available on ThaiJO system"</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok en-US Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology 2822-1508 Development of Smear-Sputum Slides with Acid Fast Bacilli Positive Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofiber Filters https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI/article/view/258823 <p>Acid-fast staining of sputum is a simple and widely used method for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis worldwide.<br />This method is high specificity but requires the expertise of the operator in analysis. Therefore, quality assurance of the testing method is essential, with sputum smear slides used as one of the quality control materials. This study aimed to develop a method for the preparing sputum smear slides using cultured acid fast bacilli (AFB) which were dispersed by filtration through a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membrane coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Four types of the homemade nanofiber filters as 2Hz 8M, 2Hz 4M, 3Hz 8M and 3Hz 4M with a porosity of up to 99.98 percent and filter thicknesses of 158, 222, 48 and 81 micrometers, respectively were compared for filtration efficiency. When used to filter AFB, the 2Hz 4M PVDF membrane produced sputum smear slides with a high number of single AFB (averaging 4.0 ± 2.8 cells per oil power field) and small clusters of 2-5 AFB per cluster (averaging 4.67 ± 0.2 clusters per oil power field). The proportion of single AFB by the 2Hz 4M was higher than the number of AFB clumping in clusters compared to the use of other types of filters. In the preparation process of sputum smear slides, the concentration of AFB could be adjusted to give the result of AFB 3+, AFB2+, and AFB 1+ according to the World Health Organization's reporting criteria by diluting AFB at a 1:10 ratio for each reporting level. This prepared slides closely resembled the actual patient sputum, showing leukocytes and welled-dispersed single AFB under microscopic examination. This study is the first to apply nanofiber membrane filtration for dispersing AFB in sputum smear preparation. This method is simple, practical, and suitable for use in quality assurance of acid-fast staining in clinical laboratories as well as in training healthcare personnel.</p> Kanokwan Kittiniyom Peerada Phuechpisut Wijit Wonglumsom Napat Monkamnoed Noppavan Chanunpanich Sudaluck Thunyaharn Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-08-14 2025-08-14 24 2 e258823 e258823 The Impact of Extract from Astragalus membranaceus on Blood Coagulation in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI/article/view/260143 <p>Diabetes-related vascular problems might result from persistent hyperglycemia, and individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of blood clot formation compared to healthy controls. Anticoagulant drugs are medications used to dissolve blood clots; various agents have been employed to improve platelet function and minimize thrombosis in these patients. Medicinal plants can be used as alternatives with potentially fewer side effects. Interestingly, <em>Astragalus membranaceus</em> (also known as Huangqi) extract was obtained for <em>in vitro</em> investigation. This study aimed to assess the anticoagulant impact of Huangqi on human plasma. The research focused on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) among diabetic patients. <em>In vitro</em> anticoagulant effects were evaluated using plasma treated with the extract, while DMSO served as a negative control. The results showed that the baseline PT in untreated plasma from the healthy group was 11.79 seconds, compared to 11.69 seconds in the diabetic group. A significant difference (P&lt;0.05) was observed between healthy donors and diabetic patients; the mean aPTT in diabetic patients was 26.03 seconds, while in controls, it was 28.52 seconds. The present study highlighted the potent antithrombin effect of Huangqi extract at a dosage of 50 mg/ml. The PT and aPTT assays were significantly prolonged by Huangqi (P&lt;0.001), demonstrating effective anticoagulant activity. This suggests that Huangqi may benefit patients who are at high risk of thrombosis.</p> Duangmanee Sanmun Chatchawan Changtam Soramon Sutin Kanjana Sirirat Nonthaya Tangrua Nopphadet Manoowong Yupha Arsarach Korawan Worakunchanakit Natnicha Thipphasorn Sasivimol Khunnen Nattarika Suwannakam Watcharapon Phengrueang Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-08-14 2025-08-14 24 2 e260143 e260143 Modeling Global Ice Volume Changes: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network Approach https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI/article/view/260276 <p>A single time series prediction problem is solved with a neural network. The nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) type of network is used. The network is trained in an open loop and then transformed to closed loop for multistep prediction. The prediction is made 20 time steps into the future. The delay is removed from the network to get the prediction one time step earlier. The shallow neural network is trained on the global ice volume dataset, which contains 219 measurements of global ice volume over 440,000 years. The network is able to predict future ice volume based on past values with a high degree of accuracy. Three different backpropagation training algorithms were used to train the network: Levenberg-Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm achieved the lowest MSE (0.02257 at epoch 13) and the highest R² (0.99254). The Bayesian Regularization algorithm achieved an MSE of 0.027209 at epoch 4 and an R² of 0.99192. The Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithm achieved an MSE of 0.01878 at epoch 3 and an R² of 0.99018. This work contributes to the field of climate studies by providing a tool for predicting future ice volume. This information can be used to better understand Earth’s glacial cycles and to develop strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change.</p> Porawat Visutsak Keun Ho Ryu Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-08-14 2025-08-14 24 2 e260276 e260276 Development of Ideal Gas Kit using Pressure and Temperature Sensors via Arduino https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI/article/view/260523 <p>This study presents the development of a low-cost experimental kit to investigate the ideal gas law using a K-type MAX6675 thermocouple and MPX5700AP pressure sensor interfaced with an Arduino microcontroller. The kit enables real-time measurements and LCD display of pressure and temperature data, making it suitable for classroom demonstration and inquiry-based learning. Experiments based on Boyle’s law and the combined gas law were conducted, and the data showed a high correlation with theoretical predictions. The calculated error in the gas constant was only 0.08%, and the estimated system volume was 2.03 cc, and also the number of moles of gas was -32.30 × 10moles. Compared with existing commercial kits, the proposed design is more cost-effective, portable, and educationally versatile. The findings support the pedagogical value of using microcontroller-based sensors in physics education.</p> Preedaporn Suwandee Kanitta Supawan Anusorn Tong-on Parinya Saphet Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-08-14 2025-08-14 24 2 e262523 e262523 The Application of Using Local Plant for Determination of Formalin Contaminated in Food https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JASCI/article/view/258261 <p>This research aimed to apply extracted from local plants to determine formalin residue in food. The precipitation would be appeared from this reaction. Four plants in Phyllanthaceae family were studied, 2 pants were consisted of adenosine (Phyllanthus acidus and Sauropus androgynus) and another 2 were Antidesma bunius and Phyllanthus emblica. It was found that only the extract from Sauropus androgynus was precipitated with formalin. The Sauropus androgynus extract was made to be powder by freeze drying process. Using 0.5 gram of extract powder in 5 milliliters of formalin solution showed 5% w/v formalin concentration as the detection limit This extract powder was then applied to determine formalin in squid and white shrimp. For method validation, the results were compared with those determined by commercial formalin test kit. Formalin detection of this developed method showed the similar results with all commercial products. This research showed the useful of determination of formalin in food by using plant extracted to be simple and rapid test kit. Moreover, this research is also adding value to the local plant.</p> Warangkhana Khaodee Orranee Manoyana Thanawat Komonnithiphong Anodar Ratchawet Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-08-14 2025-08-14 24 2 e258261 e258261