Journal of Applied Science and Emerging Technology

Unlocking the Potential of Supramolecular Catalysis in Biodiesel Production

Srideep Dasari — 2024-08-28

STABILITY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR HIV INFECTION WITHIN-HOST MODEL WITH IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT

Ratchada Viriyapong — 2024-08-28

In this study, we propose a within-host treatment model for HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells. The model includes immune response, immune impairment, and antiretroviral treatment. Two types of antiretroviral drugs (reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs)) are used within the model. Positivity and boundedness of solutions are verified. We present two equilibrium points which are infection-free and infected one. The basic reproduction number is calculated, and it becomes the threshold indicating the stability of each equilibrium point. When it is less than a unity, an infection-free equilibrium point is locally stable, whereas when it is greater than one an infected equilibrium point exists, and it is locally stable with some required conditions. Global stability of infection-free equilibrium point is obtained with some conditions. Further, we extend the model by applying optimal control problem in which both antiretroviral drugs becomes control variables. This is to minimize the HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells. Our numerical results demonstrate that RTIs drug alone could slightly reduce an HIV infection whereas the PIs drug alone gives better result in reducing the infection than RTIs drug. However, a combination of both types of drugs gives the best result for eliminating an HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells.

Wave solutions to the combined KdV-mKdV equation via two methods with the Riccati equation

Jiraporn Sanjun — 2024-08-28

The exact traveling wave solutions of the combined kdv-mkdv equation, which are the partial differential equations, were examined using the simple equation method with the Ricci equation and the modified extended tanh-function method. The solutions of the combined kdv-mkdv equation are obtained in terms of hyperbolic functions and trigonometric functions. Some solutions are created in the form of kink waves, which are represented by the two-dimensional graph, the three-dimensional graph, and the contour graph.

Development of average run length formulas for EWMA control chart under the AR(1) with quadratic trend model for detecting and monitoring process variability

Suvimol Phanyaem — 2024-08-28

This paper proposes an explicit formula for calculating the average run length of an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart based on the first-order autoregressive model with quadratic trends. Furthermore, the study presents a technique for estimating the average run length using the numerical integral equation (NIE) method. This enables a comparison between the results of the explicit formula and the numerical integral equation method. The two ARL solutions obtained from the explicit formula and numerical integral equation method are similar and identical with an absolute percentage difference of less than 0.001. Thereby, the explicit formula accurately corresponds to the NIE method. Additionally, the explicit formulas are more computationally efficient as they require fewer computations compared to the NIE approach

Forecasting Model for Pneumonia Cases in 13 Health Districts in Thailand

Watha Minsan — 2024-08-28

The objective of this research is to evaluate a proposed forecasting model for predicting pneumonia cases across all 13 health districts in Thailand. Monthly time series data from January 2015 to December 2022, obtained from the Health Data Center of the Ministry of Public Health, were utilized. Each health district utilized a varying number of data points depending on data completeness. The data were categorized into two sets: a training dataset for model construction and a test dataset for assessing model accuracy. The forecasting models were evaluated using the symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE).

The results revealed that the combined forecasting approach using regression analysis demonstrated advantages over other methods for health districts 1 to 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13. For health district 7, the most appropriate model was the decomposition model with trend and seasonal components in a multiplicative form. Similarly, for health district 11, the Box-Jenkins model was found to be the most suitable.

Comparative Analysis of Long Short-Term Memory and Random Forest Models for GULF Stock Closing Price Prediction

Kanin Pongtanavong — 2024-08-28

In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of a Random Forest model and a Long Short-term Memory model (LSTM) in predicting the closing price of GULF stock which has the characteristics of a growth stock. The data used in this study included closing and opening prices from March 21, 2018, to December 31, 2022, along with technical indicators such as EMA, TEMA, and WMA. Three comparative studies were conducted: the first case utilized a Random Forest model with optimal parameters, the second one utilized an LSTM model with optimal parameters, and the third case was similar to the second one but with a modification in the activation function from Hyperbolic Tangent function (Tanh) to Exponential Linear Unit function (ELU). The performance of these three models was evaluated based on the error values and the predicted value graphs. Our findings indicate that the Random Forest model had the lowest performance for GULF stock closing price prediction among the three cases. Conversely, the modified LSTM model with the ELU activation function in the third case demonstrated the highest performance among the three cases.

YOLO-Based Object Detection for Locating Handwritten X-Marks on Multiple-Choice Answer Sheets

Pisit Nakjai — 2024-08-28

Student assessment is considered a measure of learning achievement. Among the various assessment tools available, multiple-choice tests are commonly used, allowing students to mark their answers by filling or marking crosses on provided answer sheets. However, this method presents significant challenges, particularly when dealing with a large number of questions, as it may require additional personnel for grading, leading to delays in the assessment process. Additionally, manual grading can introduce errors, resulting in inaccuracies in score calculation. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a mathematical model capable of automatically detecting crosses on multiple-choice answer sheets using object detection techniques and deep learning. The model is based on the You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) technique for object detection. It employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for cross detection. The performance of the model is evaluated using metrics such as Precision, Recall, and F1-score. The results indicate that at a Threshold value of 0.496, the model achieves the highest F1-score of 0.989. This suggests that the model is effective in automatically detecting and identifying cross markings on multiple-choice answer sheets.

Development of crispy pork product to enhance nutritional value from banana

Nootjaree Sonsaard — 2024-08-28

This research aimed at evaluation chemical composition of Cultivated banana, selecting the standard recipes of crispy pork substituted with 1% (F1), 3% (F2) and 5% (F3) of banana flower. Banana flower showed the highest moisture content, ash, fat and protein at the level of 7.04, 12.34, 3.17 and 7.87%, respectively. Banana flower with 1% substituted received the highest score of overall liking from panelist, while 5% adding banana flower increased the crispiness which was 18.10 N. This also increased the nutritional value of protein (28.81%), fiber (2.67%) and carbohydrate (48.84%) when compared to the control and total energy reduced to 453.25 kcal/100 g. The study suggested the possibility of banana flower substitution could added value to confectionary products which could provide functional properties for health.

Effect of glycerol and holy basil essential oil contents on properties of edible films from purple sweet potato flour

Namfon Samsalee — 2024-08-28

This research aims to study the content of glycerol and holy basil essential oil on the properties of edible films from purple sweet potato flour. The effect of glycerol content at four concentrations (20, 30, 40 and 50%) was studied. The results showed that all film formulations were able to form a good film. The difference in glycerol content did not show any significant effect on the thickness of films. Moisture content, water activity, water solubility and elongation at break of purple sweet potato flour films increased with the increase of the glycerol content, whereas tensile strength decreased. Studies have shown that the addition of glycerol at the 40% concentration showed good overall properties compared to 20%, 30% and 50% glycerol content. The effect of holy basil essential oil content was studied at three concentrations (0, 0.05 and 0.10%) in combination with the addition of glycerol at a 40% concentration on film properties. The study found that the essential oil content of holy basil had no effect on thickness, opacity and elongation at break of films. While the tensile strength, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the films was increased when the holy basil essential oil concentration increased. The film incorporated with 40% glycerol and 0.10% holy basil essential oil showed the highest antioxidant activity content and total phenolic content (1.12 mM Trolox per 100 g of samples and 149.45 mg of GAE per g of samples, respectively). Therefore, the study of edible films made from purple sweet potato flour in combination with holy basil essential oil demonstrate the potential for produce edible films to protect food products and to preserve the quality of food products.

Diversity of Freshwater Fish in the Sai Buri River: Around the Watershed Community of Ban Chulabhorn Phatthana 12, Sukhirin District, Narathiwat Province

Pun Yeesin — 2024-08-28

Study the diversity of freshwater fish in the Sai Buri River around the watershed community of Ban Chulabhorn Phatthana 12, Sukhirin District, Narathiwat Province. Survey and collect fish samples in the Kue Sa, Ai Tu ngo, and Ai Ta ko Canals, using random sampling with a 1.5-millimeter mesh size as the primary method, conducted every 2 months between December 2017 and November 2018. The study found a total of 1,129 fish specimens belonging to 17 families and 49 species. The family Cyprinidae was the most dominant with 21 species (79.19%), followed by the family Bagridae with 5 species. The diversity index (H^/) was 2.84, the evenness index (E^/) was 0.73, and the richness index (R) was 6.83. Ceratogarra cambodgiensis had the highest relative abundance at 21.43%. Regarding the frequency of occurrence, 12 species were categorized as rare, 24 as occasional, 9 as common, and 4 as very common. The months of December and March had the highest number of fish species with 27 each. Only 10 species were found to be consistent with previous studies. Watershed ecosystems hold significant economic value but face threats from exploitation and development driven by increasing human demands. These various threats to watershed ecosystem biodiversity will unavoidably result in both direct and indirect impacts on the depletion of fish resources in the watershed area.

Effects of Breaking Dormancy and Nursery Materials on the Growth of Black Seed Riang (Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.)

Kanokkarn Choosong — 2024-08-28

The objective of this study was to study the effects of breaking dormancy by clipping the end of the seed and nursery materials on the growth of black seed Riang (Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.). The experiments were conducted by a 3 × 2 factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with two replications. There were three level of clipping seed: 1, 1.5, and 2 millimeters. Two types of nursery materials were used: sand and cotton. Growth data were collected, including the percentage of germination, root length, and fresh weight. The result demonstrated that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the interaction between breaking dormancy and nursery materials on the percentage of germination, root length, and fresh weight. The breaking dormancy by clipping the end of the seed at 2 millimeters and the nursery material by sand gave the highest mean percentage of germination, root length, and fresh weight.