International Journal of Science and Innovative Technology

Genetic Characterization of Thai Indigo (Indigofera Tinctoria) by Data Single-Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) analysis.

Pratak Amornsak, Nawatthakorn Umasin, Wasan Palasai, Sulaiman Cheabu — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In the past, southern indigo was a highly sought-after local product for Portuguese traders, but the traditional knowledge and practices surrounding it have gradually faded over time. Meanwhile, in Northeastern Thailand, various types of indigo are widely cultivated, with Indigofera tinctoria L. (dye indigo) and Indigofera suffruticosa (wild indigo) being popular for producing a deep blue dye. Beyond its use as a dye, the indigo plant is also a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of three indigo varieties: "Kram Thale" (sea indigo), "Kram Fak Khong" (curved-pod indigo), and "Kram Fak Trong" (straight-pod indigo). The research utilized single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) as molecular markers and analyzed the chemical composition of key compounds. The results showed that the nucleotide sequence data were of high quality, with an average quality score of 37–38. A total of 2,637,721 SNVs were initially detected, which was reduced to 1,801,689 SNVs after filtering. Genetic relationship analysis using a phylogenetic tree and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two main clusters. "Kram Thale" and "Kram Fak Khong" were found to be genetically similar, while "Kram Fak Trong" was distinctly separate. Population structure analysis also clearly divided the samples into three groups based on their variety. Furthermore, chemical analysis of the "Kram Thale" leaf extract using GC-MS identified several important compounds, including Phytol (6.73%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (3.71%), 7-9-di+tert butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5) deca-6,9-dinen-2,8-dione (3.62%), and 4-Acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-oxoquinoline (3.41%). This study highlights the genetic differences between indigo varieties and the significant chemical composition of "Kram Thale," providing a foundation for future breeding programs and product development.

Enhancement of Hydraulic Cooling System by Thermoelectric.

Songwit Sae-pung, Taveewat Suparos , Niran Watchrodom — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Imperfect hydraulic oil quality Including oil temperature that is too high will cause the hydraulic oil to bubble. It causes the hydraulic system to stop working. Also in countries near the equator, The ambient temperature is quite high at 35-40 degrees Celsius, which is well known that the operating temperature of hydraulic oil should not exceed 70 degrees Celsius in equipment operation. The aim of this research was to focuses on the temperature reduction experiments of hydraulic oil by using a set of thermoelectric modules for cooling. Thermoelectric modules are environmentally friendly and compact devices that are easy to install. Additionally, they require low electrical power to generate cooling and do not contain refrigerants. This experiment created a simulation set of hydraulic system operations that can adjust the heat value of the temperature of the hydraulic oil. The study suggested that the temperature of the hydraulic oil could be reduced by 3-5 degrees Celsius at the flow rate. This helps in reducing air bubbles in the hydraulic oil and also extends the service life of the hydraulic oil.

Solar Photovoltaic Applications in Residential Buildings and Shrimp Aquaculture Farms in Thailand

Chriss Uptegrove — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This systematic article synthesizes empirical evidence from four studies examining the application, performance, and economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in residential buildings and aquaculture farms in Thailand. A structured review approach was used to extract data relating to system sizing, energy consumption, financial investment indicators, and technological principles of solar cells. Findings indicate that PV adoption is highly effective in both sectors, with residential buildings achieving payback periods of approximately 4–5 years, while shrimp farms,especially medium and large scale, demonstrate strong Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratios above 1.6, and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) up to 19%. This review confirms that solar PV is economically viable and technologically adaptable under Thailand’s climatic conditions. Recommendations are offered for policymakers and future research.

Effects of Alkaline Drinking Water on Hydration, Metabolism, and Physical Performance in Humans

Phiphat Nonthanathorn, Chriss Uptegrove — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Alkaline water, defined as water with a pH above 7—has gained popularity due to claims related to improved hydration, enhanced exercise recovery, and potential benefits for metabolic health. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims remains limited and inconsistent. This mini-systematic review synthesizes human studies published between 2000 and 2022 that evaluated the physiological effects of alkaline water on hydration, blood viscosity, metabolic risk factors, and physical performance. Evidence suggests that alkaline water may improve rehydration and lactate clearance in athletes during short-term interventions. However, for the general population, results are inconclusive, and long-term health benefits have not been clearly demonstrated. More rigorous longitudinal and randomized controlled trials are required to determine the true physiological role of alkaline water.